<p>The Wonboyn River, an open youthful wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial stream, is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>Wonboyn River is formed by the confluence of Narrabarba Creek and Watergums Creek, within Ben Boyd National Park, east of the Princes Highway and southeast of the locality of Kiah, approximately 3 km north of Timbillica Hill. The river flows generally east, northeast, and then southeast, joined by one minor tributary, flowing through Wonboyn Lake, before reaching its mouth within Disaster Bay, at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean southeast of Green Cape. The river descends 44 m over its 18 km course.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area of the river is 335 km&sup2; with a volume of 9,809 ML over a surface area of 4.2 km&sup2, at an average depth of 2.7 m.</p><br>
<p>The Hoteo River is a river of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It flows southwest from its sources close to the North Auckland Peninsula&#39;s east coast before emptying into the southern lobe of the Kaipara Harbour.</p><br>
<p>The lower reaches of the river are popular with whitebaiters and recreational fishermen and the river also hosts the annual Hoteo River Raft Race, a no-holds-barred event.</p><br>
<p>State Highway 1 crosses the river at Wayby, south of Wellsford and State Highway 16 crosses the river near Mangakura where it discharges into the Kaipara Harbour.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the Hoteo River is the Waitapu Stream that starts within 5 km of the East Coast and the system drains out into the West Coast of Northland.</p><br>
<p>The North Auckland Rail Line crosses the Hoteo river 3 times within 1.5km; to the north of Kaipara Flats.</p><br>
<p>The Makaroro River is a river of the southern Hawkes Bay region of New Zealands North Island. It flows southeast from the slopes of the Ruahine Range, meeting the waters of the Waipawa River 12 km west of Tikokino.</p><br>
<h2>Ruataniwha Water Storage Scheme</h2><br>
<p>The upper river is the proposed site for the Ruataniwha Water Storage Scheme, also called the Tukituki Catchment Proposal, a dam to create a 93 million m³ storage reservoir. The project was proposed by the Hawkes Bay Regional Council to ensure water sustainability for the region around the dam site. The Council created the Hawke’s Bay Regional Investment Company Ltd in 2013 to manage the project. Due to the nature of the Regional Councils relationship, the resource consent was handled by the Environmental Protection Authority, and the Department of Conservation due to some of the land on the proposed site being part of the Ruahine Forest Park.</p><br>
<p>After the initial approval in 2014, two appeals lodged by Hawke’s Bay and Eastern Fish and Game Councils and the Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand and cross appeal lodged by the Environmental Defence Society were examined by the High Court to reconsider the conditions of consent. On 12 December 2014 Justice Collins ordered the Board to reconsider their decision on an appropriate mechanism for managing the amount of nitrogen that enters the catchment area and giving parties a fair opportunity to comment. The final decision was released 25 June 2015 which included some amendments to the previous consent conditions.</p><br>
<p>Forest and Bird appealed the decision to allow for the transfer of 170ha of farmland for 22ha of protected conservation land in Ruahine Forest Park which would be flooded for the dam to the Appeal Court. The Court ruled on 31 August 2016 that the Director-General of Conservation was not entitled to revoke the special conservation status of a small portion in exchange for the parkland. This decision was further appealed by the Hawke’s Bay Regional Investment Company Ltd and the Minister of Conservation to the Supreme Court on 27 and 28 February 2017. The court ruled on 6 July 2017 dismissing the appeal and upholding the decision that the conservation status could not be revoked under the scheme.</p><br>
<p>The Mangapu River is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It has its sources in numerous streams which flow generally northwards from the King Country south of Te Kuiti, the longest of which is the Mangaokewa Stream. These streams join to form the Mangapu close to Te Kuiti, and from here the river flows north, passing close to the east of Waitomo Caves, where the Mangapu caves have the largest entrance in the North Island , before flowing into the Waipa River at Otorohanga.</p><br>
<p>SH3 crosses the river on a 111 m bridge near Otorohanga built in 1966 and near Hangatiki on a 41 m concrete bridge built in 1977. The railway follows the east bank for about 6 km, crossing only small tributaries, though it did suffer from flooding, for example in 1905.</p><br>
<p>The river at Otorohanga is classed as being in the worst 25% of similar sites as regards all measured pollutants, though some attempts are being made at restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Pehitawa Kahikatea Forest Reserve</h2><br>
<p>The reserve 18.5 hectare of kahikatea forest on the east bank of the river, was purchased by the Native Forests Restoration Trust in 2001. Kahikatea forest once covered 41,000 hectare in the Waipa Ecological District, now reduced to 158 hectare, of which 52 hectare are in the Mangapu valley, though over 70 hectare has been felled since 1975. A major drainage scheme was carried out just upstream from the reserve in the 1930s, including emptying of a lake. The forest floods in winter and flood protection would be uneconomic. Some kahikatea in the reserve are about 120 years old. The reserve also has swamp maire, matai, titoki and pukatea. Te Araroa long distance walkway passes through the reserve and crosses the river on a suspension bridge.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lidgbird, also Mount Ledgbird and Big Hill, is located in the southern section of Lord Howe Island, just north of Mount Gower, from which it is separated by the saddle at the head of Erskine Valley, and has its peak at 777 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The trek to the summit is for expert climbers only. Ropes are needed to scale the cliffs and slippery, steep terrain. In comparison, Mount Gower is an easy hike. Halfway up the mountain is Goat House Cave, a former shelter for 19th-century Kentia palm gatherers. From this spot, visitors can see nesting masked boobies and numerous red-tailed tropicbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Lidgbird is named by the naval officer Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball in honour of his father, George Lidgbird Ball. while he was on his way to Norfolk Island in the ship HMS Supply when he spotted Lord Howe Island. He also named the nearby rock outcrop Ball&#39;s Pyramid.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Cryptocarya forest, one of two types found on the island, the other being palm forest, is found in patches on the slopes of the mountain between elevations of 350 to 600 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Palm species growing on the mountain include Hedyscepe and Lepidorrhachis.</p><br>
<p>The Mathias River is a river of the Canterbury Region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It flows from its origins in three rivers  in the Southern Alps. Of these, the North Mathias River is the longest, flowing predominantly southwards from its source northeast of Mount Williams. After 18 km its waters combine with those of the West Mathias River, which flows predominantly southwest for 13 km from its sources 10 km west of Mount Williams. The South Mathias River, a tributary of the West Mathias River, is a 6 km long easterly-flowing river which meets the West Mathias 5 km from its confluence with the North Mathias.</p><br>
<p>The combined waters flow a further 17 km southeast across a braided, shingle strath, which meets with the valley of the Rakaia River 15 km west of Lake Coleridge.</p><br>
<p>The Ngakawau River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It flows generally northwest, reaching the Tasman Sea at Hector.</p><br>
<p>The Charming Creek Railway line used to run alongside Ngakawau River in the Lower Ngakawau Gorge, transporting coal from mines in the Ngakawau River catchment area. The disused bush tram track now forms a section of the Charming Creek Walkway. 3 km into the gorge, Mangatini Stream joins Ngakawau River over the 25 m tall Mangatini Falls.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the Upper Ngakawau Gorge are the only known habitat of the rare Celmisia morganii.</p><br>
<p>Ngakawau River is polluted with acid mine drainage and coal fines from the Stockton Mine. The proposed Stockton Plateau Hydro Project is expected to reduce the levels of pollutants.</p><br>
<p>The Ngakawau Riverwatch environmental group formed in 2001 to address the water pollution in the river.</p><br>
<p>The Opotoru River is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows north, reaching the Raglan Harbour southwest of the town of Raglan. There is no regular monitoring of pollution, but 38 km  of the river has been fenced to protect it from farm stock.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The shows the name Opotoru R applied to the tidal creek of the harbour and Opotoru S to the stretch through Te Mata. The 1971 2nd edition and current 1:50,000 maps (see show Opotoru River for the lower part of the waterway, but Te Mata Stream for the part up from the Te Hutewai Stream confluence. Te Mata Stream appears to have been named Takapaunui Stream in the 1910 postcards (see link below) and in the 1915 Bradbury&#39;s Illustrated Guide to The Raglan & Kawhia District.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Geology of the Raglan-Kawhia Area says, "The N-striking faults are evidenced by trends of the Tasman Sea coastline and probably by stream drainages such as that of the Opotoru River c 6 km E of Karioi summit." and "The base, consisting of interbedded conglomerate, sandstone, and locally siltstone, is strongly unconformable on Te Kuiti Group rocks south of Raglan at the Opotoru River estuary (R 14/751741)".</p><br>
<p>Chert is found beside a tributary at Te Mata and pebbles have been found downstream.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Raglan County Hills and Sea says, "On 11 January McLean purchased a small part of Te Mata at the SW corner of the Whaingaroa Block. The description of its boundaries, as recorded in the Deed of Sale, is worth quoting in part, if only for the quaintness of the wording: In the N the boundary was "the Government-cut line from the Opotoru Creek to the hole dug by C. W. Ligar Esquire; on the south side from the aforesaid hole to the root of the totara tree as left by William Naylor on making a canoe of the said tree, this root of the totara tree being close to the Opotoru Creek," which formed the W limit of the area. On 6 May a further section of Te Mata land was acquired, making a total of 630 acres. By 1858, 2130 acres of undulating forest land at Te Mata had been secured."</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>36% of the catchment is farmland and 50% forest. Most of the forest is native bush on Mt Karioi, the rest mostly being scattered remnants of bush.</p><br>
<p>2004 and 2012 Regional Council vegetation surveys reported the river mouth and the saltmarsh, up to a small rapid in the River, as having mangroves (mānawa), manuka, mingimingi, cabbage trees (tī kōuka), remuremu, sea rush, oioi, saltmarsh ribbonwood (mākaka), flax, sea primrose, leptinella dioica, giant umbrella sedge (Toetoe upokotangata), tall fescue, coastal daisy and celery.</p><br>
<p>The Opuiaki River is a river of the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows north from the Mamaku Plateau into Lake McLaren, to reach the Wairoa River 15 km southwest of Tauranga. The river contributes to the Kaimai Hydro power scheme built in the 1980s. A dam was built up hill from where the Ngatuhoa Lodge is now located. From the dam a tunnel was dug,which channels the water into the Ngatuhoa Stream, where it enters just above another dam built there. Provisions are made to maintain some flow in both streams. Digging the tunnel was a challenging operation due to the geology of the area, formed by volcanic activity from various volcanoes, with clay and other sediment in between. Artesian waters also flow between the layers of rock and contribute to the flow of the streams in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Opuiaki River includes one of the best hidden gems in the Kaimai Ranges, the Te Rere I Oturu Falls.</p><br>
<p>Te Rere I Oturu Falls</p><br>
<p>The Te Rere I Oturu Falls are located in the Opuiaki River, Kaimai Ranges, New Zealand with the following coordinates: 37° 55 34.89" S 175° 59 55.38" E. The name is based on a legend about a member of the Ngati Ranginui hapu. His name was Oturu and while being pursued by members of his tribe, he jumped from the falls. The falls are about 25 m wide and 40 m high. The Opuiaki river is mainly rain-fed and the flow can change rapidly during and immediately after a tropical downpour. The falls can be reached via hiking tracks starting at the Ngatuhoa Lodge. A gravel forestry road runs passed at some distance, from where a hiking track leads to the falls. The river runs through, and is part of, the Opuiaki Ecological Area, created for the protection of native flora and fauna. The Department of Conservation (DOC) carries out pest control and breeding programs, including the Kokako, a native bird listed as an endangered species.</p><br>
<p>The Pakoka River is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows southwest from its source southeast of Raglan to reach the northeastern end of the Aotea Harbour. The catchment is made up of just over 86 km of waterways.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The most notable features of the Pakoka valley were formed by Upper Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene Okete Volcanics about 2 million years ago. These rocks form the top of the Wharauroa Plateau, where the Pakoka rises. They also flowed down from a vent about a kilometre northwest of Bridal Veil Falls to block the valley and form the falls.</p><br>
<p>From its source the river soon drops about 200 m, cutting into Coleman Conglomerate a Puaroan (in the Tithonian epoch, about 150 million years ago) poorly sorted conglomerate of sandstone and siltstone, containing andesitic pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter.</p><br>
<p>A rock arch and several notable bluffs are formed of late Whaingaroan Ahirau Sandstone formed about 28 million years ago. Although classified as sandstone, it looks more like limestone, with 40-60% calcium carbonate content and lapiez features in massive (lacking internal structures), blue-grey, calcareous, fine sandstone.</p><br>
<p>Apart from recent alluvial deposits, the other main rock in the valley is Hauturu Sandstone, which is mid to late Whaingaroan, about 30 million years old. It is commonly knobbly due to resistant bands and lenses of hard calcareous sandstone in soft friable quartzofeldspathic sand</p><br>
<h2>Biota</h2><br>
<p>About two-thirds of the catchment is pasture, with the rest under trees and scrub. Less than 10% of the catchment was fenced from livestock in 2014. New Zealand fernbird and Spotless crake have been recorded in the catchment.</p><br>
<p>A Regional Council study describes the vegetation around the estuary - "Te Heru Point and up towards Pakoka Landing, a forest of akeake, kanuka and kowhai lines the estuary arm. Spartina is present on the upstream of Ohiawhakainga Creek. Patches of sea meadow are found at the mouth of the Motakotako Creek in front of the rushes. The saline influence on the vegetation finishes just upstream of the road bridge at Pakoka Landing. Moving downstream on the true-left bank are bands of saltmarsh ribbonwood with marsh clubrush and raupo wetland behind. Small patches of seagrass are found on the mud flats around the corner where the river widens out. The farmland is not fenced along the and stock access is potentially a problem. A mature (~10 years?) flowering mangrove is upstream of Karetoto Island. A small patch of saltwater paspalum is found immediately opposite the island. A patch of seagrass lies behind the oyster bank at Mowhiti Point. The harbour edge is lined by a thin band of rush."</p><br>
<p>Mitigation funding from Te Uku Wind Farm and support from farmers and Regional Council have resulted in Whaingaroa Harbour Care putting up 15km of fencing to protect the river and its tributaries and planting 150,000 trees in the valley above Bridal Veil Falls. This has been followed by a possum and rat control project jointly with the Department of Conservation</p><br>
<p>Six sites were surveyed for the windfarm and given Stream Health Index scores between 60 and 170.5 (poor to excellent). Their 2006 survey identified these stream quality indicator species in the Pakoka, - the higher the score, the more sensitive these macroinvertebrates are to pollution.</p><br>
<p>The NIWA Freshwater Fish Database shows the Pakoka has longfin eel, koura, Cran’s Bully (Gobiomorphus basalis) and redfin bully, banded kokopu and smelt.</p><br>
<p>The Puniu River is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. As a tributary of the Waipa River , and at a length of 57 km, it is one of the longest secondary tributaries in New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The Puniu flows initially north from sources within the Pureora Forest Park, veering northwest to pass south of the towns of Kihikihi and Te Awamutu before meeting the Waipa River 3 km south of Pirongia.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>About half the river&#39;s course from its sources on the edge of the Rangitoto Range is through deep valleys and gorges formed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Manaia Hill Group greywacke (a form of sandstone, with little or no bedding, fine to medium grained, interbedded with siltstone and conglomerate, and with many quartz veins), which is buried in many places by Quaternary ignimbrites. The main ignimbrite is the Ongatiti Formation, up to 150 m thick of compound, weakly to strongly welded, vitrophyric (phenocrysts embedded in a glassy rock), including pumice-, andesite and rhyolite lavas. In several places the river runs past slopes covered in blocks of ignimbrite, where the underlying greywacke has eroded.</p><br>
<p>For the remainder of its course, the river meanders over alluvium and colluvium to the Waipa. Initially these are mainly the Late Quaternary Piako Subgroup, which includes Late Pleistocene alluvium, and minor fan deposits of unconsolidated to very soft, thinly to thickly bedded, yellow-grey to orange-brown, pumiceous mud, silt, sandy mud and gravel, with local muddy peat. Finally, the river flows mostly over the Holocene floodplain, where the alluvium and colluvium consist of variously coloured, unconsolidated sand, silt, mud, clay, local gravel and thin intercalated (a form of interbedding, where distinct deposits in close proximity migrate back and forth) peat beds.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>The river rises in the Pureora Forest Park, before flowing past some unprotected remnants of rimu-tawa forest. In its lower reaches the river mostly flows through farmland, where the Puniu River Care Project is working on restoration of the river.</p><br>
<h2>Speed of flow</h2><br>
<p>In its final 22 km from Tokanui flows usually take 9 to 17 hours, depending on river levels.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The Puniu is 6th dirtiest out of 13 sampling points in the Waipa catchment, with unsatisfactory nitrogen, phosphorus and turbidity levels. Puniu is the only river in Waikato with worsening ammonia levels.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>The river originally had a seasonal ford near Kihikihi. The first bridge there was built about 1885, when the 300 ft long railway bridge was also built. A 228 ft ferro-concrete bridge replaced the old wooden bridge, 22 ch downstream. It was largely built in 1936, completed in 1937 and still serves SH3.</p><br>
<p>The Tangahoe River is a river of the Taranaki Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows generally southwest from its origins in hill country to the east of Lake Rotorangi, reaching the Tasman Sea in the South Taranaki Bight 5 km southeast of Hawera.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>An elder, of Tangahoe and Ngati Hine descent, said the origin of the name, Tangahoe, is that it was given to the river following the loss of a steering oar (hoe) from a fishing waka (boat) at sea, trying to return to its tauranga waka (landing place). It was said that, had it had two steering oars, as on the Aotea waka, then it would have reached its landing.</p><br>
<h2>Pre colonial value</h2><br>
<p>The Ngati Ruanui Claims Settlement Act 2003 said the river was a major source of resources, providing shellfish and fish, including piharau, kokopu, tuna and patiki, birds such as kereru, pukeko, tiwaiwaka, kahu, kakapo, kiwi, korimako, miromiro and pipiwharauroa and plants, including koromiko, kohia, hinau, piripiri, mamaku, and rewarewa.</p><br>
<h2>Defensive sites</h2><br>
<p>The steep valley sides of the lower river provided good defensive sites, as marked on the.</p><br>
<p>Otapawa pā was held by Tangahoe, Pakakohi and Ngāti Ruanui when it was attacked on 16 January 1866, during the Second Taranaki War. The account of the attack in The adventures of Kimble Bent put Māori losses at 7, but others estimated 30 killed and 30 wounded. The Imperial troops lost 11 dead and 10 wounded. A bulldozer has destroyed most of the site.</p><br>
<p>Te Ruaki Pa has also been damaged - by cattle.</p><br>
<p>Tangahoe and Inman’s Redoubts date from 17 March 1865. They remain in good condition under pasture.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The river rises on a sandy mid-Pliocene Tangahoe Mudstone, formed in a shallow sea, then its valley is cut down to early-Pliocene Whenuakura Group rocks (bioclastic limestone, pebbly and micaceous sandstones and massive siltstone), whilst the surrounding land is covered by mid-Pleistocene beach deposits of conglomerate, sand, peat and clay. The river carries about 43,900 tonnes of sediment to the sea each year. It enters the sea between 30 and 50 m tall cliffs, eroded over the last 15,000 years, following tectonic uplift. Of the rivers flowing into the S Taranaki Bight, the Tangahoe ranks 13th for flow but 9th for sediment input, with a sediment rate of 1.39 kg/s.</p><br>
<h2>Water quality</h2><br>
<p>Water quality in Taranaki has been under pressure. Quality varies over the length of the river, as shown in the table -</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 2016 the MCI level at the viaduct was the lowest ever, probably due to earthworks by Fonterra, causing the rating to drop to poor. Tangahoe is listed 5th in Taranaki for modification, with 2.27 km of consented stream modification in its catchment. Fonterras Whareroa dairy has a consent to draw 30,000,000 l of water a day from the Tangahoes tributary, the Tawhiti Stream, where flows, temperature, etc. are recorded at both Tawhiti Rd and Whareroa. 1,741,050 l is also consented for irrigation. The dairy removes silt from the water with plastic microbeads.</p><br>
<h2>Tunnel</h2><br>
<p>Tangahoe Valley Tunnel runs under the ridge separating Pukekino Rd (leading to Lake Rotorangi) from the Tangahoe Valley. The 160 m tunnel was built in 1928. Digging was from both ends and didn&#39;t quite meet in the middle, hence a variation in the roof height in the centre.</p><br>
<p>In 1954 shotcrete was sprayed to consolidate the walls.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 part of the roof collapsed in an earthquake and the tunnel was closed. A deep and unstable cutting alongside, which proved to be often unpassable, served for traffic until, in 1996, South Taranaki District Council decided to reopen the tunnel,</p><br>
<p>In 2003 further restoration work was required, costing $250,000 to remove 25,000 m&sup3; in the tunnel approaches, a further 10,000 m&sup3; to reach the portal and add 1,000 m of rock bolts. Further repairs were done in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Tangahoe Valley Rd crosses the river on a 24.2 m through arch bridge which replaced one destroyed by floods in 1937, the new bridge being 2.4 m above the highest recorded flood level. The road was surveyed in 1898, money had been spent by 1900 and the road needed repair after floods in 1903, when £500 was voted for a bridge. A bridge was built in 1920 and the road gradually extended up the valley, with money still being voted in 1924.</p><br>
<p>Owhangai Rd crosses the river on a single lane bridge. The road was mentioned in 1877 and the bridge was old enough to need repairs by 1919. A new bridge was built in 1920.</p><br>
<p>State Highway 3 crosses the river on a 65.5 m bridge. Until 1871 the route was via Manawapou Rd and the beach at low tide. A bridge was built in 1871 and replaced in 1887. In 1935 it was swept away by a flood on 22 February 1935 and temporarily replaced. Relief work to replace it and its winding route had already started in 1933 and was completed in 1936 at a cost of £6,000. It was widened from 6 m to 7.5 m in 2008. There were 7 crashes in the 4 years prior to widening.</p><br>
<p>The New Plymouth railway crosses the river about a kilometre downstream from SH3, on a 9-span trestle bridge 220 ft long, the centre span being 60 ft, and the 4 each side of 10 ft to 40 ft. The smaller spans are on piles driven into the rock, but the centre piers are concrete 18 ft deep. The bridge was of totara 80 ft above the river, or 65 ft above flood level. A tender was accepted for a rebuild in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The Tawatahi River is a short river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows into the northern shore of Raglan Harbour.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The headwaters are listed as worthy of preservation for their geology - "New Katuku Trig / Pukewharangi Hill Oligocene fossil locality" Most of the rock in the valley is Kotuku siltstone, a massive to crudely bedded, light- to blue-grey jointed, calcareous siltstone. The upper slopes are mainly Mangiti Sandstone and Patikirau Siltstone, also calcareous rocks. All were laid on a deepening mid to outer shelf in the Whaingaroan age, about 41 million years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Alternative names</h2><br>
<p>The river has also been called Burgess&#39;s Creek, after the farmer who owned Burgess Point to the west, Kerikeri Peninsula, or Puketutu. James Burgess farmed almost 600 sheep in the late C19th, having previously been a shepherd on Te Akau Station, which had included this area. He had burnt the flax and sown grass on the peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>A 2012 survey found the estuary had a wide band of rushes grading into native forest, with mud crabs, titiko, coastal daisy, makaka, oioi, fescue, marsh clubrush, remuremu, sea primrose, sand buttercup, kowhai, kanuka, miro, tanekaha and hangehange.</p><br>
<p>The Taylor River is one of the two rivers that flow across the Wairau Plain into Blenheim, New Zealand, where it joins the Ōpaoa River. It arises near Taylor Pass to the south of the Wither Hills and flows north-east and north. The river and pass were named for Joseph Taylor, a New Zealand Company surveyor who worked in the area from 1842.</p><br>
<p>At the time Blenheim was settled and for some years thereafter, floods were frequent occurrences in winter at the confluence of the two rivers and occasioned the nickname "Beavertown" for Blenheim because of the fancied resemblance to beaver lodges of buildings in the town when surrounded by floodwaters. The town mascot is a beaver in spite of the fact that none have ever existed in New Zealand, as they are a prohibited animal.</p><br>
<p>The Torere River is a river of the eastern Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows northwest from its sources within Raukumara Forest Park to reach the Bay of Plenty 30 km southwest of Te Kaha. It is also known to the local Ngaitai tribe as Wainui or Large River.</p><br>
<p>The Ngaitai tribe cite the river in their historical records.</p><br>
<p>Ko Kapuārangi te maunga (Kapuārangi is the mountain)</p><br>
<p>Ko Wainui te awa (Wainui is the river)</p><br>
<p>Ko Tainui te waka (Tainui is the canoe)</p><br>
<p>Ko Hoturoa te tangata (Hoturoa is the man)</p><br>
<p>Ko Torerenuiarua te whare tipuna (Torerenuiārua is the ancestral dwelling)</p><br>
<p>Ko Manaakiao te whare rangatira e whangaitia ana (Manaakiao is the chiefly dwelling)</p><br>
<p>Ko Ngaitai te iwi (Ngaitai is the tribe)</p><br>
<p>The Torere River plays a significant role in the daily lives of the people that live in the area providing water for crop irrigation and stock. In addition to this it also plays a significant role in providing indigenous food staples such as eels, whitebait, and kokopu and introduced species such as brown trout and rainbow trout.</p><br>
<p>Durleigh reservoir at Durleigh in Somerset, England covers 80 acre and was formed in 1938 when Durleigh brook, a tributary of the River Parrett, was dammed.</p><br>
<p>It is used for coarse fishing, particularly carp, roach, bream, perch, tench and pike.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir provides facilities for dinghy sailing, sailboarding and windsurfing through Durleigh Sailing Club.</p><br>
<p>The wildlife includes several bird species including: ducks, great crested grebes, swans and geese.</p><br>
<p>West Bower Manor (also known as Durleigh Manor), which stands on the shore of the reservoir, is all that remains of a large manorial property, the majority of which has been demolished. Parts of the building date from the 15th century though the core of the fabric may even be earlier, further parts were built in the 17th and 19th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The principal surviving element from the Medieval manor is the gatehouse. This has been extensively restored, but is a good example of a former courtyard gatehouse with a pair of faceted turrets on either side of the former entrance passageway.</p><br>
<p>The Waikaia River is a river in New Zealand, a tributary of the Mataura River.</p><br>
<p>The moderate sized Waikaia River rises in swamps and tussock land in the Umbrella Mountains to the east of the headwaters of the Pomahaka River and then flows south for 50 km through rugged native bush-clad hills and then from Piano Flat through farmed areas until it joins the Mataura River at Riversdale.</p><br>
<p>Its tributaries include Gow Burn, Steeple Burn, Dome Burn, Winding Creek and Argyle Burn with the Dome Burn and Steeple Burn being brown trout spawning streams for the Mataura River system.</p><br>
<p>Highly regarded as a brown trout fishery the quality of the water in its lower reaches deteriorated in the early 21st century due to the conversion of much of the surrounding farmland to intensive dairy farming.</p><br>
<p>The Waita River is in the West Coast Region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It flows generally west to reach the Tasman Sea 10 kilometres northeast of the mouth of the Haast River. The river has its source on the western flanks of the Mataketake Range and passes through dense native forest which opens up into farm land before passing under the State Highway 6. The Maori River is one of the tributaries of the Waita.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of baches next to the river after the point where it is crossed by the State Highway. About seven permanent residents live in them, some of which date back to the 1900s and have historic value. The Department of Conservation, which administers the land on which the baches lie, wanted to have the baches removed by 2025 as part of a draft Conservation Management Strategy (CMS). This was on the basis of a policy to avoid private accommodation on public land. The final version of the CMS allowed the baches to say but they must be made available to the public were possible.</p><br>
<p>The Waitetuna River is a river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows generally northwest from its sources southwest of Whatawhata to reach the southeastern coast of the Raglan Harbour.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mainly Upper Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene Okete volcanics erupted from many vents, mainly forming greywacke, with small areas of tephra.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A study for Regional Council said, "Harbour-wide sediment accumulation rates (SAR) have averaged 0.3-0.5 mm yr over the last 8000-6500 years. The effects of large-scale catchment deforestation (1890-1920s), conversion to pasture and plantation forestry (1985-) on sedimentation have occurred very differently in the Waingaro and Waitetuna arms of the harbour. In the Waitetuna arm, C dating of shell and exotic-pollen profiles preserved in core 12B indicate that pre-human SAR of 0.35 mm yr has increased threefold following deforestation and averaging 1.1 mm yr since 1890. Pine pollen, which is produced in large quantities and widely dispersed by the wind, suggests that SAR have further increased to 2.5 mm yr since the early 1990s. At Okete Bay (core 10B) pre-human SAR averaged 0.5 mm yr. The pine pollen profile indicates that SAR have averaged 8 mm yr since the early 1990s."</p><br>
<p>A larger than average part of that post-1890 change took place when the 3,000 acre Puketutu block, near the estuary, was bought by the Watkins Brothers in 1901. They ran a sawmill in Raglan from 1905 to 1911, largely supplied with timber floated down the river and then towed across the harbour.</p><br>
<p>That change took place following sale of most land in the area to settlers and the river was a boundary of the first major land sale. "On 22 March 1851, eighteen chiefs of Ngati-Mahanga and Ngati-Hourua, headed by William Naylor, sold to Queen Victoria for the sum of £400, 19,680 acres of country bordering on the southern shores of the harbour. The western boundary of the Whaingaroa Block, as it came to be known, began at Putoetoe (the point on which the town of Raglan now stands) and followed the Opotoru Stream inland. Leaving that stream at its junction with the Hutewai, the line ran south beyond Te Mata to a point "marked by a hole dug by the side of the path to Aotea." Here it turned north-eastward to run (again in a straight line) for eight miles through dense forest to meet the Waitetuna River, the last few miles of which formed the eastern boundary. The 30 square miles thus enclosed included most of the present rich farmlands lying between Karioi Mountain on the west and the Waitetuna on the east; the harbour in the north and the Wharauroa Plateau in the south. Reporting to the Colonial Secretary on 15 April 1852, after paying over the second instalment for the land, Ligar drew attention to the fact that the block was surrounded on three sides by water, thus solving to some extent the problem of communication. "The soil," he said, "is of the finest description, having for its basis a limestone formation. It is also well watered and has an abundant supply of timber for fuel, for building purposes or for commerce."</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>Pollen analysis shows that the original vegetation was kahikatea on the flats, and a mixed podocarp-hardwood forest on the slopes, with totara, maire, matai, rimu, rata, beech and tree ferns. Kauri was present, but not abundant. From 1890 to 1930 80% of the forest was converted to pasture, though some pines have since been planted on former pasture, including 5 km by Vela Holdings east of Mangaokahu Stream in 1990-1991. By the mid-1920s indigenous forest was restricted to the steeplands of Mount Karioi, Pirongia and the Moerangi Plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and water quality</h2><br>
<p>Ministry for the Environment figures showed the Waitetuna at its mouth had 600 E. coli per 100ml (17th worst out of 154), 620 faecal coliforms per 100ml (38th of 252), 0.49 mg/litre nitrogen (174th of 342) and 0.04 mg/litre phosphorus (140th of 361). Regional Council say the quality is unsatisfactory for E. coli, clarity, turbidity and nitrogen.</p><br>
<p>The podocarp forest is now mostly sheep and beef farms, with Te Uku Wind Farm around the sources to the south. A survey for the windfarm said, "The lower and mid reaches of the... Matakotea Stream provide very good native fish habitat, notably for inanga, and within well vegetated reaches, banded kokopu." It described the Waitetuna at its mouth as having moderate ecological health. A January 2008 survey identified these indicator species for stream quality as being present in the Waitetuna where it enters the harbour and in its tributary, Matakotea Stream, (the numbers on the left are the MCI Score - the higher the score, the more sensitive these macroinvertebrates are to pollution. The words on the right show how common or rare they were in the Matakotea Stream / Waitetuna at Te Uku landing) -</p><br>
<p>(9) spiny-gilled mayfly (Coloburiscus humeralis) common / -</p><br>
<p>(8) mayfly (Deleatidium) abundant / rare</p><br>
<p>(7) caddisfly (Rhyacophilidae) occasional / occasional</p><br>
<p>(7) dobsonfly (Archichauliodes diversus) rare / occasional</p><br>
<p>(6) riffle beetle (Elmidae) 6 common / common</p><br>
<p>(5) stony-cased caddisfly (Pycnocentrodes) occasional / occasional</p><br>
<p>(5) Crustacea (Paratya curvirostris) occasional / abundant</p><br>
<p>(4) mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) abundant / abundant</p><br>
<p>(3) sand fly (Austrosimulium) common / occasional</p><br>
<p>The NIWA Freshwater Fish Database shows the Waitetuna has longfin and shortfin eels, common and redfin bully, galaxiids and inanga.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The river is generally below standards for E.coli, clarity and nitrogen. A government study says, "Waitetuna streams have recorded average Enterococcus counts near or above 100/100 ml, when a reading of 33/100 ml is considered the maximum safe level for contact recreation (ie, swimming). Some readings during the year reached counts of... 520." The river has 23 km (6.9%) of fencing, which reduces pollution by farm stock. The only comparatively good statistic on pollution is that for acidity</p><br>
<p>The Whangamarino River is a lowland river of the Waikato Region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island, draining the Whangamarino Wetland and associated farmland catchment. The river converges with the Waikato River just north of Meremere. The main tributary is the Maramarua River, which starts in the Hunua Ranges and forms the northern catchment of the Whangamarino River.</p><br>
<p>The natural Whangamarino River system, especially the main branch (the southern catchment), has been highly modified due to the lower flood protection scheme of the lower Waikato River. Prior to these floodworks, the Whangamarino Catchmet was unconnected with Lake Waikere. However, due to the Lower Waikato-Waipa Flood Control Scheme, constructed in the 1960s, Lake Waikere was transformed and used for flood retention storage when the nearby Waikato River was in flood. During flood events, the Waikato River now overflows into the transformed Lake Waikere via the Rangiriri Spillway (and the redirected Te Onetea Stream). When the Waikato River conditions are suitable, the flood waters are discharged from Lake Waikere into the Whangamarino River catchment through the artificial Pungarehu Canal.</p><br>
<p>While the flood scheme has permanently changed the ecology of Lake Waikere, it has also provided broader benefits for the community.</p><br>
<h2>Whangamarino Wetland</h2><br>
<p>The Whangamarino River includes the large Whangamarino Wetland (5,193 hectares) which is the second largest bog and swamp wetland in the North Island of New Zealand (after the Kopuatai Peat Dome). Due to human activity of draining the wetland for farming and the impact of the flood control scheme, the size of the wetland is about half its natural size. The wetland includes peat bog, swampland, mesotrophic lags, and open water river systems are managed as both Wetland and Wildlife Management reserves by the Department of Conservation. Importantly, the Wetland is protected by under the Ramsar Convention (Wetland Protection Treaty).</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>The main crossings of the river are -</p><br>
<p>SH2 on a 61.6 m bridge</p><br>
<p>NIMT railway on a 150 m bridge</p><br>
<p>SH1 on 39.7 m bridges</p><br>
<p>The Arcade in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States, is a covered shopping arcade built in 1902 and modeled after an arcade in Italy.</p><br>
<p>"Nashville: Walking Tours",</p><br>
<p>Frommer&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Developed by Daniel Franklin Carter Buntin and designed by the Edgefield and Nashville Manufacturing Company,</p><br>
<p>"Nashville Arcade",</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places, 22 May 1973.</p><br>
<p>the Arcade opened as Nashville&#39;s first shopping center, replacing the former Overton Alley. Located between Fourth and Fifth avenues, the entrances consist of identical Palladian facades.</p><br>
<p>The Arcade is at the center of the downtown Nashville Arts District and houses a very vibrant arts community. The Downtown Nashville First Saturday Art Crawl is a monthly event that takes place the first Saturday of every month from 6pm to 9pm. and draws large crowds. All galleries participate in this fun event. There are seventeen galleries in the building including: 40AU – 69 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Andy Anh Ha Gallery – 83 Arcade</p><br>
<p>BelArt Studio & Gallery – 56 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Blend Studio – 79 Arcade</p><br>
<p>The COOP – 75 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Corvidae Collective – 11 Arcade (downstairs)- www.corvidaecolletive.net</p><br>
<p>Craig Brabson Fine Art Photography – 64A Arcade</p><br>
<p>Gallery 44 – 44 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Hannah Lane Gallery – 64 Arcade</p><br>
<p>L Gallery – 73 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Nostos Gallery – 58-60 Arcade</p><br>
<p>O Gallery – 42 Arcade</p><br>
<p>OPEN – 57 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Space – 61 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Studio 66 – 66 Arcade</p><br>
<p>UltraViolet Gallery & Photography – 59 Arcade</p><br>
<p>WAG – 77 Arcade</p><br>
<p>Other notable tenants include The Peach Cobbler Factory, Phillyman where you can enjoy an authentic Philly Cheese Steak, original New York-style pizza at Manny&#39;s House of Pizza, The Peanut Shop candy store and the Uptown Branch of the United States Postal Service, featuring an Art Deco facade.</p><br>
<p>Howe-Waffle House and Medical Museum is an 1889 Queen Anne style home in Santa Ana, California. It was the home of Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle, one of the first female physicians in Orange County, California, until her death in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle was one of the first female physicians in Orange County, California. Her thirty-eight years of practice started in 1886 after she graduated from Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago. Her dedication to her patients lasted until her very last day, as she died by the bed of a patient at the Santa Ana Community Hospital in 1924. She was seventy-four years old.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1889 (the same year Orange County became a county), this Queen Anne style house was the home of Dr. Howe-Waffle until her death in 1924. In the early 1970s, the City of Santa Ana slated the home for demolition in order to widen a road, but concerned area citizens joined forces to preserve the house. Under the leadership of Adeline Walker, Friends of the Howe Waffle House formed. This group later became known as the Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society. The organization worked hard to raise awareness, and in 1974 the City of Santa Ana agreed to pay to move the house if the Society would pay for the foundation and restoration work. Between March 27–29, 1975, the City moved the house to its present location on the corner of Civic Center and Sycamore. The Society worked tirelessly over the years to restore the home to how it would have looked during Dr. Howe-Waffle&#39;s time.</p><br>
<p>The all volunteer Santa Ana Historical Preservation Society continues to run the home today as the Dr. Willella Howe-Waffle House and Medical Museum, and it is open for tours six times a year.</p><br>
<p>The Pywiack Cascade is a waterfall in Yosemite National Park within the USA state of California. It is located a few miles downstream from the outlet of Tenaya Lake on Tenaya Creek at the head of the steep and rugged granite gorge, Tenaya Canyon. The waterfall can be viewed from Glacier Point, or by a 6 mi hike from Olmsted Point, but the canyon is dangerous and the waterfall is unsafe to be reached on foot. The waterfall is highly seasonal. It typically rages in the spring and early summer while shrinking to a trickle by late summer to mid-autumn.</p><br>
<p>The water of the Pywiack Cascade slides down a steep angle of solid granite, for a total of about 600 ft. A small waterfall lies directly below the main drop. Below that, the creek continues over jumbled talus for less than a quarter of a mile (0.4 km) before it plunges over another large waterfall. Not much farther downstream is Three Chute Falls whose waters continue on into Mirror Lake and then finally empty into the Merced River, within Yosemite Valley.</p><br>
<p>To the right of the Cascade while looking straight at it, there is another, ephemeral waterfall that tumbles down a steep granite cliff. This waterfall is of very little volume but is much taller than Pywiack Cascade.</p><br>
<p>"Py-we-ack" in the native language means "glistening rocks", and the native people applied it to both the creek and Tenaya Lake, due to the abundance of glacial polish in the upper Tenaya basin. The name "Pywiack" has since been applied to Pywiack Dome.</p><br>
<p>Dexter Reservoir  is a reservoir in Lane County, in the USA state of Oregon. It is about 16 mi southeast of Eugene on the Middle Fork Willamette River, immediately downriver from Lookout Point Lake, another reservoir. The communities of Dexter and Lowell are near the lake. Oregon Route 58 follows the lakes southern shore, while Pengra Road parallels the lakes northern shore as far east as Lowell.</p><br>
<p>Dexter Dam, 117 ft high, impounds up to 29,900 acre.ft of water in the reservoir. The lake and three adjacent state parks are used for water sports and other outdoor recreation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two reservoirs, Dexter and Lookout Point, were created in 1954 when the United States Army Corps of Engineers finished building the dams that contain them. Dexter exists partly to control water surges from the upstream lake during Lookout Points production of hydroelectricity. Dexter Lakes water levels vary greatly, while the flow below Dexter Dam remains relatively steady. The Dexter and Lookout Point projects are among 13 that the Corps built in the Willamette Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Elijah Bristow State Park is an 847 acre park that stretches for 3 mi along the south bank of the river below Dexter Dam. Park amenities include picnic tables, restrooms, equestrian staging areas, horseshoe pits, a wildlife viewing platform, and a boat launch. The park has 12 mi of trails through woods and meadows. Most of the trails are open to mountain bikers and equestrians as well as hikers. Lowell State Recreation Site is a waterfront park on the north side of Dexter Lake. Amenities include picnic tables, a boat launch, dock, playground, basketball court, and restrooms. Fishing, swimming, sailing, and waterskiing are among possible activities at this site.</p><br>
<p>Dexter Lake supports populations of rainbow trout, largemouth bass, and smallmouth bass. The lake also has large populations of northern pikeminnow. The City of Lowell encourages removal of this rough fish during a pikeminnow contest held each July.</p><br>
<p>Dorena Reservoir  is a reservoir on the Row River in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located 6 mi east of Cottage Grove.</p><br>
<p>The Dorena Dam in front of the reservoir was completed in 1949 as one of the 13 dams of the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the Willamette River&#39;s basin.</p><br>
<p>Set at the south end of the Willamette Valley and criss-crossed by the Coast Fork Willamette River and its tributary the Row River, the area was susceptible to periodic flooding from large rains and snow melts in the surrounding mountains prior to the construction of the dam.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s the United States Army Corps of Engineers began construction of dams which created Cottage Grove Lake and Dorena Lake. Dorena Lake is a popular summer vacation destination. Amenities include Baker Bay Marina and Shwartz Park campground. Visitor estimates top 80,000 people annually.</p><br>
<p>The Fish River is a 69.9 mi river in northern Maine in the United States. It is a tributary of the Saint John River, which flows to the Bay of Fundy  in New Brunswick, Canada.</p><br>
<p>From its start at the confluence of Fox Brook and Carr Pond Stream (46.7769&deg; latitude, -68.7811&deg; longitude), in Maine Township 13, Range 8, WELS, the river runs north to Fish River Lake, then east to Portage Lake. It then runs northwards through St. Froid Lake and Eagle Lake to the Saint John River at Fort Kent. The latter section is roughly parallel to Maine State Route 11.</p><br>
<h2>Fish River Lake</h2><br>
<p>Fish River Lake is on the border of range 8 townships 13 and 14. Fish River enters the south end of the lake 2 mi downstream of the confluence of Fox Brook and Carr Pond Stream. Tributaries Smith Brook and Chase Brook flow into the west side of the lake from township 14, range 9. Fish River overflows the north end of the lake into Round Pond and then 12 mi to Portage Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Portage Lake</h2><br>
<p>Portage Lake is entirely within the town of Portage Lake. Fish River enters the western end of the lake near the western edge of town and overflows the northern end of the lake near the northern edge of town. Tributary Mosquito Brook flows 8 mi from township 14, range 7, into the northern part of the lake. The Bangor and Aroostook Railroad approaches from the south and runs along the eastern shore of the lake to follow the Fish River from Portage Lake all the way downstream to Fort Kent.</p><br>
<h2>Saint Froid Lake</h2><br>
<p>Fish River flows into the south end of Saint Froid Lake 10 mi downstream of Portage Lake. Saint Froid Lake is almost entirely in Winterville Plantation. Tributary Red River flows 14 mi from Pushineer Pond, Deboullie Pond, Gardner Pond, Galilee Pond, Denny Pond, Black Pond, Island Pond, Upper Pond, and Stink Pond in township 15, range 9, into the west side of Saint Froid Lake. The north end of Saint Froid Lake overflows into the Fish River 3 mi upstream of Eagle Lake of the Fish River chain of lakes. The railroad follows the eastern shore of Saint Froid Lake and the western shore of Eagle Lake through the town of Eagle Lake and then follows the Fish River 13 mi into Fort Kent.</p><br>
<p>The Little Androscoggin River is a 51.4 mi river in Maine. It flows from Bryant Pond in Woodstock  to its confluence with the Androscoggin River in Auburn. The Androscoggin flows into Merrymeeting Bay in the Kennebec River estuary.</p><br>
<p>The Little Androscoggin flows through the towns of Woodstock, Greenwood, West Paris, Paris (including the village of South Paris), Norway, Oxford, Mechanic Falls, Minot, and Poland, and the city of Auburn.</p><br>
<h2>Thompson Lake</h2><br>
<p>Thompson Lake is the largest lake in the Little Androscoggin watershed. The north end of the lake overflows into the Little Androscoggin River through the village of Oxford. The lake forms the boundary between Otisfield to the west and Oxford and Poland to the northeast and southeast, respectively. The southern tip of the lake is in Casco. Greeley Brook is the largest tributary to the lake, and flows 7 mi from Sand Pond in Norway. Smaller tributaries include Knights Brook and Jerry Brook in Otisfield and Potash Brook in Poland. The lake is good habitat for smallmouth and largemouth bass and has been stocked with trout.</p><br>
<p>The Blackstone Building in Tyler, Texas is an Art Deco building built in 1938. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. Fort Worth architect Preston M. Geren designed the six-story building, which is one of only two Art Deco-style office buildings in the Tyler area. The project was financed by Tyler businessman Edmond P. McKenna and intended to ease the need for office space during the East Texas oil boom. The building housed offices for oil companies, geologists, attorneys, engineers, and more. In addition, the Blackstone was a location for the Union Bus Terminal from 1938 to the 1950s. The Blackstone Hotel next door was imploded in 1985 but the Blackstone Building still stands. It is being used as office space and houses the Tyler Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>The building cost about $100,000. At one time it hosted about 15 oil industry-related businesses.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Tyler contractor Hugh E. White. White is also built one of few International Style buildings in Tyler, the Elks Club Building (1949), which is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Madison Green is the town green of the New England town of Madison, Connecticut. The Green is centrally located in the Madison Green Historic District, located just west of the commercial strip of Madison. The Green is bounded by the Boston Post Road  on the south, Meeting House Lane on the east and north, and Copse Road on the west. Surrounding the Green are several buildings, most prominent being the First Congregational Church . Other buildings around the Green include Memorial Hall , a community meeting building , Academy Elementary School , and Lee Academy .</p><br>
<p>In the southeast corner are three war memorials. They include a large boulder with a bronze plaque honoring veterans who fought in World War One, a large grey cut stone with a bronze plaque remembering those who fought in World War Two, Korea and Vietnam, and a smaller boulder with a bronze plaque remembering the Revolutionary War. A flagpole is located in the center.</p><br>
<p>Across the Boston Post Road is a row of 18th- and 19th-century houses. The oldest house in Madison, the Deacon John Grave House (1681), is just east of the green.</p><br>
<p>The East Haven Green is the town green of the New England town of East Haven, Connecticut. It is bounded by River Street, Hemingway Avenue, Main Street, and Park Place and is the focal point of the East Haven Green Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This area is also part of the commercial business district of the town and contains many two- and three-story brick office buildings that have been constructed within the last ten or fifteen years. Farther to the northwest are a shopping center and high-rise apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>On the other corner of Hemingway Avenue are two older, wood-frame houses. One is a late 17th-century two-story house that has been converted to offices. Other wood-frame houses can also be found along the Main Street and Park Place sides of the green, most of them dating to the late 19th or early 20th centuries. Along Park Place are two houses built in the 18th century with a more modern Episcopal church (Christ and The Epiphany Church, built in 1964) located between the two. The other houses on the block were built around the turn of the century. To the south of the green is River Street, a two-lane street, and the Eastlawn Cemetery and The Old Cemetery. Part of The Old Cemetery is enclosed by an iron fence with a large stone gateway.</p><br>
<p>On the green itself, there are two concrete paths lined with lamp posts that cross diagonally. In the center of the green is a hexagonal bandstand and a Revolutionary War cannon. It and other monuments honor war veterans including World War I, World War II, Korean and Vietnam. Another monument at the northeast corner of the green honors General Lafayette also known as Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, and his troops that camped on the Green when they were in East Haven during the Revolutionary War. It is said that the General visited the 18th century colonial house on Main Street during his stay on the Green.</p><br>
<p>At the northwest corner of the green, facing the commercial section, are three stone memorials. One is a monument erected by the American Legion dedicated to war veterans. This monument and the two flagpoles flanking it are spotlighted. Behind and to each side of the American Legion monument are monuments dedicated to soldiers who fought in World War I, and to East Haven men who died in World War II.</p><br>
<p>The town cemetery located south of the Green is also included in the East Haven Green Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Honda Bay  is a bay on the eastern shore of the island of Palawan near Puerto Princesa City in the southwestern Philippines.</p><br>
<p>The bay is used for both subsistence and commercial fisheries and recreation. Boats can be rented for the day and used for travel to nearby islands, many less than 45 minutes from the shore by boat. Honda Bay is ideal for snorkeling. Starfish are commonly found near islands such as Starfish Island. Puerto Princesa is the nearest port city, and is accessible by plane.</p><br>
<p>From 1953 to 1976 the nearby Palawan Quicksilver Mine used mine tailings from their ore extraction processes to produce a jetty at Honda Bay. The village of Sitio Honda Bay was erected on these mine tailings. Environmental studies indicate that some residents of the village and elsewhere near the mine have toxic levels of mercury in their blood.</p><br>
<p>Three Mile Island is an island on Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire, located three miles from the town of Center Harbor. It has been owned by the Appalachian Mountain Club  since 1900 and is run as a full-service camp during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Three Mile Island covers an area of 43 acre and is approximately 0.5 mi long, 0.25 mi wide, and 1 mi around. The highest point on the island, a ridge running north to south, is between 50 ft and 60 ft above the water line. The shoreline is mostly stone, although there are at least three small sandy beaches. There are no major bodies of water on the island, although there are 5 swamps—the largest being the Rhododendron Swamp. There are three smaller uninhabited islands within 300 ft of Three Mile: Hawk&#39;s Nest Island, Rock Island, and Nabby Island.</p><br>
<p>Flora on the island is typical of the region: a mix of deciduous and evergreen trees, including maple, pine, oak, and witch-hazel, and a mix of ground plants, including Canada Mayflower, Sheep laurel, Iris, Pink Ladys Slipper, and the endangered Rams-Head Lady&#39;s-Slipper. Wild blackberries, blueberries, and huckleberries can also be found on the island. Fauna includes a number of water birds, including ducks, Canada geese, and loons, bats, rodents such as squirrels, chipmunks, and mink, and the occasional large mammal such as deer or moose that either walk to the island while the lake is frozen or swim over after it has thawed.</p><br>
<h2>Three Mile Island Camp</h2><br>
<p>The AMC acquired the island through a combination of donations and purchases between 1899 and 1900, and currently runs a full-service family camp on the island. Campers stay in one of the 47 16-foot cabins or 5 wood-framed tents for one or two weeks during the 9-week summer season. Each cabin features two beds and a private dock, but do not have electricity or running water. A limited number of the closer cabins are available for four fall weekends, and other programs such as a music camp and yoga retreat are also held on the island.</p><br>
<p>During the summer weeks three meals a day are provided, as are a variety of activities and programs. Hiking trails, tennis and volleyball courts, and several public buildings are available to campers free of charge, and sailboats and canoes are available for a nominal fee.</p><br>
<p>During its 100-plus-year history, several traditions have evolved on the island. Every morning, campers are woken to reveille played on the bugle. First Call is played to signal campers to the main lodge for meals, although tradition calls for campers not to sit until the Mess Call is played signaling the start of the meal. During the summer weeks, a Town Meeting is held on the Saturday night that campers arrive, where the camp manager will go over the islands policies and schedule, and where the camps college-aged "croo" introduce themselves.</p><br>
<p>Three Mile Island was named the Best Family Camp in New Hampshire by Yankee magazine in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The historic building now operated as the restaurant Jakes Chaparral had a number of prior uses including Kanab Lodge, Parry Cafeteria, Utah Parks Building and Wok Inn restaurant in Kanab, Utah. The original section of the lodge is a house built in 1885, which was expanded between 1928 and 1932 by the Utah Parks Company to serve as a rest stop for tourists about halfway between the north rim of the Grand Canyon and Zion or Bryce Canyon National Parks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house was probably built for Frank and Lovinnia Farnsworth. The house passed through several owners, ending with Lewis and Vinnie Farnsworth Jepson in 1904. Vinnie was the daughter of Frank and Lovinnia Farnsworth. The Jepsons finished the upstairs of the 1½ story house, installing a wooden bathtub that was stated to be one of only two built-in bathtubs in Kanab at the time. The Jepsons probably added to the rear of the property at the same time. They sold the house in 1925 to the Hiway Tourist Park and Company, a local tour bus operation owned by brothers Gronway Parry, Caleb Parry and Chauncey Parry. The Parrys worked with William W. Wylie, a pioneer of tourism in Yellowstone National Park, to provide tour services in Grand Canyon&#39;s north rim, Zion, Bryce and Cedar Breaks National Monument. The Parrys converted the Jepson house for use as the Parry Cafeteria in 1925. The Parry brothers later established the Parry Lodge, which is still in operation today, at the corner of Center Street and 100 East, where they remodeled a frame house, and built several cottage-type motel units.</p><br>
<p>The Utah Parks Company was set up by the Union Pacific Railroad to provide tourist services at the southern Utah parks. Under pressure from Union Pacific, the Parry brothers sold the cafeteria transportation company to Union Pacific in 1927, retaining some of the bus routes. Chauncey Parry became superintendent of the bus line. The railroad started a major expansion of the lodge, concluding in 1932 with a lobby, dining room and kitchen as well as toilets and a souvenir shop. The restaurant served only lunch, and only for bus tour patrons: it was not open to the general public. A 1938 laundry addition served as a central laundry for all of its park operations in the area.</p><br>
<p>As tourists increasingly arrived in their own cars, the bus business declined. The restaurant and curio shop closed in 1960, the laundry continuing until 1967. Vacant from 1967 to 1973, the property was acquired by Stan Clark who renovated the restaurant and converted the laundry to a theater, calling the operation The Old West Company, and continuing to 1978. In 1980 a partnership bought the property and opened the Territorial Inn Restaurant, which operated until 1987, when it became the Wok Inn restaurant. The restaurant known as began operating at this location in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original house is a 1½ story brick house on a sandstone foundation. A series of additions extend to the south, far exceeding the house in size. In order, the expansions include a lobby attached to the original house, a two story dining room backed by the kitchen, and an overflow dining room. To the west from the kitchen and overflow, a storage area links to the former theater/laundry, now a dance hall. The semi-enclosed interior courtyard formed by the complex is finished as a faux-Western streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The Kanab Lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Lake is a small, man-made lake in the Great Lakes Basin and located in the city of Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. The lake was formed sometime in the first decade of the twentieth century alongside the construction of the Kirkfield Lift Lock, which was completed and operational by the end of 1907. It is part of the summit of the Trent-Severn Waterway, the middle of a connection via canals of Balsam Lake on the Gull River system, which flows eventually to Lake Ontario, and the Kirkfield Lift Lock and Canal Lake on the Talbot River system, which flows to Lake Simcoe and eventually to Lake Huron.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to flooding, the Grass River (now Grass Creek) flowed through the centre of marshland above which the current lake sits in Eldon Township, Victoria County. It entered from the south-west, reaching Fennel Road (Kawartha Lakes Road 35) where it now crosses the Trent Canal. From here it turned west and followed the same course as the modern canal to Portage Road (formerly Ontario Highway 48, today Kawartha Lakes Road 48). Passing under the road, it resumed a north-easterly course towards the village of Victoria Road, where it flowed as it continues to today, now controlled by a dam, westward into the Talbot River.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Mitchell Lake</h2><br>
<p>Like many of the lakes of the Kawarthas, Mitchell Lake enjoys use by recreational cottagers. However, most of the lake is relatively shallow (Between 3 and 6 feet deep), swampy, and filled with partially or wholly submerged tree stumps remaining from before the flooding. As such, cottages are sparse outside of the canal zone and south eastern section of the lake. The shallow south-western section of the lake is isolated from the rest by Hartley Road, which crosses the lake by causeway, and is only navigable by canoe.</p><br>
<p>The former path of the Grass River north of Kawartha Lakes 48 is still visible beneath the shallow and undisturbed waters of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Long Mountain  is a hill located east of Welshpool in Powys, Wales. It crosses the national boundaries of England and Wales, and also the county boundaries of Powys and Shropshire.</p><br>
<p>It is a Marilyn (a hill with topographic prominence of at least 150 metres), having a prominence of 305 metres (1,000 feet).</p><br>
<p>It rises to a height of 408 metres (1,339 feet) at Beacon Ring, where there is a hillfort.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Long Mountain extends from Forden, Powys, in the southwest to Vennington near Westbury in Shropshire to the northeast. It is sometimes considered to include the Breidden Hills to the north although the latter are separated from Long Mountain&#39;s main body by a valley through which run a railway line and a major trunk road (the A458) connecting Welshpool with Shrewsbury.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There was a Roman road along Long Mountain, part of a route from Uriconium (Wroxeter) to Lavobrinta (Forden Gaer). At the southern end of the hill there are traces of Offas Dyke, and the Offas Dyke Path traverses the Welsh area of the hill. Within the English area, in Long Mountain&#39;s eastern foothills, are the remains of Caus Castle, which was built in Norman times upon an earlier, Iron Age, hillfort.</p><br>
<p>In 630 the hill was the scene of the Battle of Cefn Digoll, between Northumbria and an alliance of Gwynedd and Mercia.</p><br>
<p>The White-Pool House is a historic structure in Odessa, Texas, included on the National Register of Historic Places. It was opened to the public in 1984, and retains many of its original furnishings and some rotating exhibits.</p><br>
<p>The two-story red-brick house, located at 112 East Murphy Street (east of the downtown Odessa area), was built in 1887 by Charles White and later purchased in 1923 by Oso Pool; it is the oldest surviving structure in the city.</p><br>
<p>The rooms in the White-Pool House parallel two significant periods of history: (1) The 1880s during the pioneer era when it was built and occupied by the White family and (2) The 1930s during the oil boomtown when it was the home of the Pool family. In the back of the house are a windmill, barn and other farm buildings, and an outhouse of handmade blocks dating from the founding. In the barn is a display of permanent exhibits of horse-drawn equipment.</p><br>
<p>The White-Pool House is open Tuesday through Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Guided tours for individuals or groups are available; there is no admission charge.</p><br>
<h2>The White Era</h2><br>
<p>Charles White and his wife, Lucy, former residents of Indiana and members of the Quaker denomination, arrived in Odessa, the seat of Ector County, accompanied by their two sons, Wilfred and Herbert.</p><br>
<p>Lucy had a perceived health need to live in a dry climate like that of West Texas, and Charles’ grain business in Indiana had failed in the economic stress of the decades following the American Civil War. The railroad was selling property in Ector County; thus, the Whites came to Odessa to begin their lives anew. Charles and Wilfred operated a general merchandise store at Third and North Grant streets. Charles also planted a pear and peach orchard with the windmill as the centerpiece of the irrigation system. He grew sorghum, cotton, and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>White purchased a section of land near the railroad tracks for $870 and built the Victorian-style house. In 1890, Wilfred White was appointed as only the second postmaster of Odessa, and the next year voters elected him as county surveyor.</p><br>
<p>Charles White died on June 14, 1905. After Charles’ death, Lucy and Herbert moved east to Mineral Wells, in Palo Pinto County, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>The Pool Era</h2><br>
<p>After Lucy and Herbert White moved away, Wilfred sold the house, which changed hands several times until it was purchased by Oso Pool in 1923.</p><br>
<p>Four years later, in 1927, petroleum was discovered in the Permian Basin, and the influx of people into Odessa created a housing shortage. Pool therefore turned the house into a five-unit apartment building, a decision which required adding bathrooms, closing in porches, and partitioning the rooms. Pool lived in the basement and rented out the upper rooms. Over the next half-century, ownership of the house was transferred between family members, and its condition deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>Finally, on June 12, 1978, Pool gave the house and six acres to Ector County for historical preservation. Restoration was undertaken between 1979 and 1984. In 1986, the White-Pool House Friends, a non-profit organization, was formed for charitable and educational purposes to preserve the historical heritage of the house.</p><br>
<p>Howser Spire or Howser Spire Massif, is a group of three distinct granite peaks, and the highest mountain of the Canadian Bugaboo Spires. The mountain is located at the southwest corner of the Vowell Glacier, within the Bugaboo mountain range in the Purcell Mountains, a subrange of British Columbia&#39;s Columbia Mountains,</p><br>
<p>The highest of the three spires is the North Tower at 3,412 m, the Central Tower the lowest, and the South Tower being slightly lower than the North at 3,292 m.</p><br>
<p>Howser Spire is named after the town of Howser on Duncan Lake and Howser Creek.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of the North Tower was made in August, 1916 by Conrad Kain, Albert MacCarthy, E. MacCarthy, J. Vincent and Henry.</p><br>
<p>The Beckey-Chouinard / West Buttress route is recognized in the historic climbing text Fifty Classic Climbs of North America and considered a classic around the world.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>Brenta Spire</p><br>
<p>Bugaboo Spire (3204 m)</p><br>
<p>Conrad Kain hut</p><br>
<p>Crescent Towers</p><br>
<p>Hound&#39;s Tooth</p><br>
<p>Marmolata Spire</p><br>
<p>Pigeon Spire (3156 m)</p><br>
<p>Snowpatch Spire (3084 m)</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Julian in Wellow, Somerset, England has origins before the 12th century although the present building dates from 1372. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church is believed to have Roman origins in connection with a local villa and the dedication to Julian the Hospitaller may support this claim. A statue of St Julian holding an oar is displayed in a niche above the porch. It is known that Wellow was granted to monastery of St. Andrew at Wells, now Wells Cathedral, in 766 by the King of the West Saxons. In 1117 it was given, along with Frome to an order of Augustinian Canons at Cirencester (now Cirencester Abbey by Henry I. This affiliation is confirmed by a charter signed by Edward III in 1337. In 1369 Sir Thomas Hungerford bought Wellow and rebuilt the church which was consecrated on May Day in 1372 by John Harewell, Bishop of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Porch has a 14th-century oak door. The east end of the south aisle bears a scratch dial of a Sundial. The octagonal south rood stair turret dates from around 1450 however most of the chancel is from a 19th-century refurbishment. The nave includes a clerestory which was added around the middle of the 15th century along with the Rood Screen. The font dates from around 1250 but has undergone several restorations. The Hungerford Chapel contains 15th century wall paintings of Christ and the twelve apostles dating from the 15th century and several monuments to the Hungerford family.</p><br>
<p>The 84 ft west tower, which was built around 1475, has three stages, set back buttresses with off-sets which turn into diagonal pinnacles in upper stages. There is an embattled parapet with pinnacles. The square stair turret on the south-east corner terminates as an octagon. There is a three-light window to the bell chamber with cusped heads and a similar but larger window with transom to west.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Bartholomew in Ubley, Somerset, England is a small medieval church originating from the 13th century with later additions. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church has no fixed pews. Features include a Jacobean pulpit and a chained copy of the ‘Paraphrases of Erasmus’ dated 1552. The 13th century stone font stone font has a square bowl. The pulpit is from the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>The stained glass in the east window dates from 1877 and was painted by Jean-Baptiste Capronnier.</p><br>
<p>On the north side of the church is the remains of a Fives court.</p><br>
<p>It is part a joint Benefice of Blagdon with Compton Martin which is part of the deanery of Chew Magna and the Archdeaconry of Bath.</p><br>
<p>Tiantai Mountain, Mount Tiantai, or Tiantai Shan is a mountain in Tiantai County near the city of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Its highest peak, Huading, reaches a height of 1,138 m.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>In Chinese mythology, the creator goddess Nüwa cut the legs off a giant sea turtle and used them to prop up the sky after Gong Gong damaged Mount Buzhou, which had previously supported the heavens. A local myth holds that Mount Tiantai was on the turtles back before and Nüwa relocated it to its current position when she had to remove the turtles legs.</p><br>
<h2>Guoqing Temple</h2><br>
<p>Guoqing Temple on the mountain is the headquarters of Tiantai Buddhism and also a tourist destination. Tiantai, named for the mountain, focuses on the Lotus Sutra. The most prominent teacher of that school, Zhiyi, was based at Guoqing Temple. Over many years it has been an important destination for pilgrims, especially from Japan. The mountain was visited by Saichō in 805 who went on to found the related Japanese Buddhist school, Tendai.</p><br>
<h2>Ji Gong Temple</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has a famous temple to the Song-era monk Ji Gong at the Cave of Auspicious Mists that was associated with early modern fuji or "spirit writing" movements.</p><br>
<p>The Church of All Saints in Publow, Somerset, England, dates from the 14th century has a 15th-century tower with gargoyles. The pulpit is Jacobean. It has been designated a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church consists of a west tower, nave, north aisle and porch, south aisle and porch, and chancel. The west tower, which was built around 1467, has four stages with set back buttresses terminating in diagonally set pinnacles at the bell chamber stage. One of the bells is engraved with the arms of Sir Francis Popham.</p><br>
<p>The nave has a clerestorey of four 2-light trefoil-headed windows. The east end of the chancel has an early Perpendicular (restored) 3-light window with reticulated tracery. The pulpit dates from the early 17th century and is made of oak with carved, arcaded panels to the upper part and rosettes on the lower part.</p><br>
<p>Major reconstruction was undertaken around the 1890s to plans developed by Arthur Blomfield at a cost of £1,400.</p><br>
<p>The register dates from 1569.</p><br>
<p>5 Fingers is a free viewing platform in the Dachstein Mountains of Upper Austria, on Mount Krippenstein. It was named "5 Fingers" by virtue of its hand-like shape.</p><br>
<p>It has been called the "most spectacular viewing platform in the Alps."</p><br>
<p>The individual fingers, which are approximately 4 m long fingers, are built over a precipice of about 400 m depth.</p><br>
<p>The viewing platform is less than a 20-minute walk from the Krippenstein Station of the Dachstein cable car line.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>• On the first finger (from left to right) a metal frame has been mounted, so that visitors can take a framed photo of themselves as a souvenir.</p><br>
<p>• The second finger is equipped with a glass bottom which allows visitors to look down into the abyss below.</p><br>
<p>• The third finger is shorter than all others and is not accessible all the way. It has a springboard at the end, and symbolizes the freedom of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>• The fourth finger has a hole in the floor that allows a free view into the abyss.</p><br>
<p>• At the fifth finger a telescope is available free of charge.</p><br>
<p>The observation deck is illuminated at night until midnight. It can be easily seen with the bare eye as far away as the towns of Hallstatt and Obertraun.</p><br>
<p>Douglaston Historic District is a national historic district in Douglaston, Queens, New York. It includes 631 contributing buildings and three contributing sites on a mile-long peninsula extending into Little Neck Bay. All but one of the buildings are in residential use and the majority were built in the early- to mid-20th century as a planned suburban community known as Douglas Manor. In the early 20th century, the Rickert-Finlay Realty Company of Manhattan purchased 175 acre of the Douglas&#39; family holdings, and formed the Douglas Manor Association, creating a planned community. Many of the houses in this area were built in architectural styles popular at the time, such as Tudor, Mediterranean, Colonial Revival, and Arts and Crafts. Located within the district are the separately listed Cornelius Van Wyck House  and Allen-Beville House . Another notable early building is the Van Zandt manor house , which is now the Douglaston Club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. In 1997, New York Citys Landmarks Preservation Commission designated Douglas Manor as the Douglaston Historic District, ensuring that no new buildings or external alterations could be made without the commissions approval.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion Historic District, sometimes referred to as Mansion Hill, is located south of Empire State Plaza in Albany, New York, United States. It takes its name from the nearby New York State Executive Mansion, which overlooks it. It is a 45 acre, 16-block area with almost 500 buildings. Many of them are rowhouses and townhouses built in the middle and late 19th century that remain mostly intact today.</p><br>
<p>It was first developed in the early 19th century as a small group of estates for wealthy citizens. Later it was subdivided, becoming the first home for several waves of immigrant groups, most notably Italian Americans. In the mid-20th century it began to decline when the construction of Empire State Plaza cut it off from downtown and adversely impacted the neighborhood. A local neighborhood association was formed during this period and has been credited with helping the Mansion neighborhood recover and become a desirable place to live in the early 21st century. In 1982 it was designated a historic district by the city&#39;s Historic Resources Commission and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Mansion district is built on land that rises 100 feet (30 m) on its west from the flatlands along the Hudson River to its east, where the adjacent Pastures district is located. The South Mall Expressway, carrying traffic from the Dunn Memorial Bridge to Empire State Plaza separates the district from the Times Union Center and downtown to its north and northeast.</p><br>
<p>Erastus Corning Tower and the other modernist high-rises of Empire State Plaza loom over the district from the northwest. Along its west is a strip of land that includes the governors mansion, Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception and the New York State Library. Lincoln Park is located to the southwest, and on the south the citys South End, with a greater mix of industrial and commercial properties, begins.</p><br>
<p>As to the district&#39;s actual boundaries, South Pearl Street (NY 32) on the east is the only side where the line follows a street for most of that direction. The north side is delineated on the corners by Madison Avenue (US 20) but there the boundary includes most of Van Zandt Street and most of the south side of Hamilton before returning to Madison along Philip Street and the rear lot lines of the properties at the Van Zandt corner. It goes west to Eagle Street via Madison and excludes the building across from the cathedral.</p><br>
<p>It follows Eagle&#39;s east side down to the corner of Park Avenue, then the middle of that street to include the houses on its south side and some of those on Philip south of it. It follows property lines to Charles Street, leaving out the large commercial property on Park between Philip and Grand. On that street it goes north for a few lots then crosses the block between Grand and Trinity Place just north of a large old factory. At that street it goes south a few lots, then returns to South Pearl after excluding another industrial property.</p><br>
<p>Charles, Elm, Myrtle and Wilbur streets are included in their entirety, as are Ash Grove, Bleecker and Madison places.</p><br>
<p>The district thus bounded contains 475 buildings, only 20 of which are non-contributing. Most are two- or three-story rowhouses. A few larger, similar commercial buildings are scattered throughout the district, and there are two churches. Development is dense and urban in character, with a few vacant lots.</p><br>
<p>Open space is provided by three parks, all along Philip Street, with two large ones across the street from each other between Elm and Myrtle streets. The western one has a basketball court.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There were mansions in the Mansion District before the governors mansion was built. In its earliest days of settlement, it was known as Albanys first suburban enclave, an area where the affluent built large homes and surrounded them with gardens and landscaping. Large-scale development did not begin there until the mid-19th century, after other areas of the city had been built out.</p><br>
<p>Italians, the last of several immigrant groups to make Mansion their first home in Albany, became identified with it after a huge influx in the late 19th century. The 20th century saw the neighborhood victimized by decline and urban renewal, but begin to recover in the later years.</p><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>At the time of Albany&#39;s settlement in the 17th century, the city was concentrated in a stockaded area roughly equivalent to its present downtown. The area of the future Mansion neighborhood was across a deep ravine from it (since filled in) and thus did not attract much settlement. The first recorded settler in the area was a farmer named Hendri Hallenbake. When he died in 1766, his family subdivided the area and sold the lots to wealthy Albanyites who built large houses for themselves.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolution, one of those new residents was Peter W. Yates, a successful local lawyer and militia colonel during the war. He was known to have been living there in 1791, in a house at what is now the intersection of Ashgrove and Trinity places. In 1807, three years before he left Albany for Montgomery County, he sold the house to James Kane.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Kane, a successful merchant who had made his fortune in trade in the Mohawk Valley to the west, would become the landowner who made the most impact on the future neighborhood despite a relatively short tenure in it. In a series of purchases, he expanded the estate to include most of the present district, excepting the sections north of Madison Avenue and west of Grand Street, as well as land as far south as Arch Street. He gained fame statewide for his hospitality. After he lost his fortune in the Panic of 1819, the estate was seized by his creditors.</p><br>
<p>Outside his land, the first development took place. A Federal style house was built at 146 Madison Avenue in 1828, the oldest extant house in the district today. Nearby, 143 Madison went up five years later. It, too, is a Federal building, but with some exterior alterations from the later 19th century. After the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 sparked economic growth, new residential land was sought. While most of it would come north and west of downtown, Trinity Place was opened (as Broad Street) in 1836. The first rowhouses in the future Mansion Historic District, 16–24 and 39–45a Trinity, were built in 1839–40 along with 2 Ashgrove Street nearby. David Orr, one of the wealthiest men in Albany, built the row at 57-65 Grand around the same time, the last houses in the district built in High Greek Revival style. This marks the beginning of the Mansion neighborhood as it is known today.</p><br>
<p>Archibald McIntyre and Henry Yates bought the Kane estate in 1834. It was used as a temporary governors mansion by William H. Seward, and possibly others. Yates spent his later years in the house, selling off the portion north of Ashgrove and Westerlo streets around the same time the rowhouses were being built on Trinity. When Yates died in 1854, the house became the Albany Female Academy. Eleven years later, the academy moved to its current quarters and Kanes estate was demolished to make way for a church.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the early 1840s, there was little new construction due to the economic slowdown in the wake of the Panic of 1837, other than a small row on Hamilton Street. When construction resumed in the late 1840s, there would be a new row on Bleecker, and individual rowhouses all over the district.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion District took off in the 1850s. The citys economy was booming due to the canal, the railroads and the industrialization taking place. The new workers, many of them Irish immigrants, coming to the city needed houses, and the Pastures had mostly been built out. Developers therefore looked to the emptier lands to the west. Orr developed houses on Madison, Myrtle and Park as well as Grand Street. He was joined by Charles and Lewis Seymour, stonemasons who built the row at 44–50 Grand and possibly several others. Lewis Seymours slightly unusual frame house still stands at 14 Wilbur Street.</p><br>
<p>Another major builder of the Mansion District was James Eaton, superintendent of building at the New York State Capitol for some time during this period. He brought some newer architectural styles to the district, such as the Italianate row at 46–68 Elm Street, with slightly gabled projecting pavilions on each building giving the impression of a separate tower, more typical of detached Italianate villas of the time. He also built the Gothic Revival 78–92 Grand Street, with a roof finial dividing its symmetrical combined facades.</p><br>
<p>During this era the district became home to a large population of German immigrants, many of them Jews fleeing the collapse of the Revolution of 1848. They developed South Pearl into a local retail center.</p><br>
<h3>20th and 21st centuries</h3><br>
<p>By 1876 the district was almost entirely built out, with the exception of some areas along Madison. The neighborhood continued to prosper in the last decades of the century, with the help of another immigrant community that would shape it. Italians began moving in. They built the Italian Renaissance Revival St. Anthonys Church at Grand and Madison in 1908, and at the next census two years later they had become the fourth largest ethnic group in the city of Albany. Ten years later, they were the largest, and had displaced the Irish from Park and Myrtle avenues. The Mansion became known as the citys "Garlic Core" due to this concentration of Italians.</p><br>
<p>It retained this character well into the century. "Madison below South Pearl, as late as 1941," William Kennedy wrote in O Albany!, "could be taken for a street in Italy" due to the many Italian names on businesses along that street. One of those, Lombardos, has remained on Madison since 1933 and become one of the Capital Districts best-regarded Italian restaurants.</p><br>
<p>The development of Empire State Plaza had a major negative impact on the Mansion District. Adjacent neighborhoods were razed, and it was cut off from downtown by not only the plaza but the South Mall Arterial. Many residents left the area for the suburbs due to the impact of the construction. The diocese of Albany closed St. Anthony&#39;s due to a lack of parishioners in 1973. Urban blight began to appear, and housing prices dropped as low as $5,000.</p><br>
<p>Some new residents decided to buy at those prices. In 1975, two of them founded the Mansion Neighborhood Association (MNA) to advocate for the community and oppose demolition plans. The organization persisted, and has been credited with helping the neighborhood rebound in the early 21st century (although some residents complain that neglect continues in some areas, and arson destroyed several houses on Madison Place in 2007) The Albany Free School, a democratic school founded on Elm Street in 1969, also became one of its key institutions.</p><br>
<p>Houses in the area sell well due to their walkable proximity to the Plaza and downtown, and newer arrivals praise the neighborhoods sense of community. One new resident, Eliot Spitzer, invited Mansion residents in for a house party in 2007, a few months after he moved into the governors mansion. In the late 2000s, another community group bought St. Anthonys from the diocese, restored it and converted it into a cultural center. Like the citys other historic districts, new construction or expansion within the Mansion district is reviewed by the city&#39;s Historic Resources Commission (HRC), a group of nine citizens with an interest in architecture, history or historic preservation appointed by the mayor. The HRC also considers new city landmark designations.</p><br>
<p>The Greek Orthodox Church of St. George in Des Moines, Iowa is a parish of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America located in the Drake Neighborhood near Drake University. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1997 as part of the architectural legacy of Proudfoot and Bird in Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church building was originally built as Elmwood United Presbyterian Church in 1906 in a Classical Revival architectural style. The Elmwood congregation included the family of Henry Cantwell Wallace, editor of Wallaces&#39; Farmer and United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1921 to 1924. His son, Henry A. Wallace who would become Vice-President of the United States, was married in this church in 1914. In 1926, the Elmwood congregation merged with another Presbyterian church and sold the building to a Baptist church. The Baptists were unable to attract a congregation in the neighborhood and disbanded in 1930, returning the building to the merged Presbyterian congregation.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, the Greek community in Des Moines and central Iowa formed a kinotis, or Greek society. In 1928, the immigrants organized a Greek Orthodox parish named for St. George the Great Martyr, which held services with visiting priests on an irregular basis in rented spaces. In 1929, the parish fought USA immigration authorities to bring Fr. Meletios Kestekides from Greece to be its first regular priest.</p><br>
<p>In late 1930, the parish purchased the former Elmwood United Presbyterian Church building and immediately converted it into an Orthodox church by erecting an iconostasis in front of the altar. The parish held its first Divine Liturgy in the building on Christmas Day, 1930. Orthodox icons have been added to the interior over time, but the building retains many artifacts of the original Presbyterian congregation such as the stained glass windows. These windows preserve the names of their original donors.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 the parish hall was built adjacent to the church. On November 4, 1997, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I, visited St. George Parish. In 2005, the parish received its first Iowa-born priest, Fr. Basil Hickman, a native of Mason City, Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The parish currently lists 190 member families, consisting of families from traditionally Orthodox ethnic groups and converts to Orthodoxy from other ethnic backgrounds. Cultural events and educational programs sponsored by the parish include the Greek School for Children, a youth Sunday School program, active chapters of Greek Orthodox Youth of America (GOYA) and Junior Orthodox Youth (JOY), an adult Greek School, a monthly Adult Synaxis (the parish adult education program), a womens Bible study program, and an annual Greek Food Fair held during the first weekend in June. Most educational programs are open to the public, as are all services. The parish has an active Ladies Philoptochos Society for charitable work. Members of the parish are also active in the Order of AHEPA and the Daughters of Penelope.</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Bill Boyhood Home was built by Isaac Cody, the father of Buffalo Bill Cody in 1841 at LeClaire, Iowa. The house was purchased as a tourist attraction by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and was moved to Cody, Wyoming, Buffalo Bill&#39;s adopted hometown, in 1933.</p><br>
<p>The house was placed at the Chicago, Burlington and Quincys Cody station to provide an attraction for tourists stopping in Cody on their way to or from Yellowstone National Park. Of necessity, groups had to spend the night at Cody, in the railroads Burlington Inn next to the station, about two miles from town. The house was meant to provide the travelers with a diversion that would not require a trip into town. By 1947 the rail tour business was declining and the Burlington Inn was to be demolished. The Cody House was given to the Buffalo Bill Memorial Association and moved to its final location at the Buffalo Bill Museum in Cody. The house was again moved in 1969 when the museum moved into the Buffalo Bill Historical Center across the street from the old museum. The house is the oldest structure in the town of Cody, and may be the oldest building in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The two-story frame house has two rooms downstairs and two upstairs. A lean-to kitchen addition to the rear did not make the journey from Iowa to Wyoming. The house is constructed of sawn lumber with larger hand-hewn timbers.</p><br>
<p>The Cody House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Chester High Cross is in Chester, Cheshire, England. It stands in front of St Peter&#39;s Church at the junction of Watergate Street, Eastgate Street and Bridge Street, a site known as Chester Cross. The cross is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original cross dated from the 14th century. This cross was replaced by a new one in 1476. It consisted of an octagonal pillar surmounted by a carved head and a crucifix on its top. The cross was gilded in 1603. It was damaged and broken up by the Parliamentarians during the Civil War in 1646. The head was saved and kept in the grounds of Sir John Cotgreave at Nesterleigh. The head and another possible fragments were rediscovered in the 19th century. They were used in a restoration of the cross which was erected near the Newgate in 1949. In 1975 the cross was moved to its present site, near to its original position.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The cross is constructed in red sandstone. It consists of a crown surmounted by a finial with a ball on its top. It stands on a shaft on a plinth below which are three steps. The head is hexagonal, while the shaft, steps and plinth are octagonal. The head, and possibly the moulded base of the shaft, date from the 14th century; the rest of the structure is modern. The head is badly weathered; niches which formerly contained statues are on each side, but two of these have been weathered away.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Chester High Cross stands at the centre of the city of Chester and is a popular meeting point. During the summer months Chester&#39;s town crier makes a midday proclamation from its steps.</p><br>
<p>Buffalo Bill - The Scout, a bronze statue of a mounted rider outside the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, was placed in 1924 to commemorate the towns most famous resident and de facto founder, Buffalo Bill Cody. Originally in open land on the western outskirts of Cody, the statue today stands at the end of Sheridan Avenue, the towns main thoroughfare, as the town has grown to the west. The project was initiated by Cody&#39;s niece, Mary Jester Allen, who had established the basis of what would become the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. A New Yorker, she persuaded heiress and artist Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney to sculpt the piece.</p><br>
<p>Despite the offer of two existing sites in Cody, Vanderbilt selected and bought the final Cody site. Her first efforts attracted criticism for the type of horse, its pose, and its tack, all of which were regarded as too "eastern." She then arranged for a horse named "Smokey" from Cody&#39;s TE Ranch to be shipped to New York, along with a cowboy from Cody to pose in the saddle. The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1924 in the presence of an unusual number of dignitaries for such a remote location. It stands on a large stone base, meant to represent nearby Cedar Mountain, which Cody chose as his gravesite. The base is a consciously ironic statement, since Cody was buried, against his wishes, at Lookout Mountain in Colorado.</p><br>
<p>In time, Sheridan Avenue was extended to the statue and loops around the site. The Buffalo Bill Historical Center is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>Vanderbilt funded most of the estimated $50,000 cost for the memorial out of her own pocket. She would go on to establish the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1931. Her son, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney would fund the establishment of the Whitney Museum of Western Art at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center.</p><br>
<p>The statue&#39;s full title is Buffalo Bill - The Scout. The statue was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Dunlap Square Building is a historic commercial block in Marinette, Wisconsin, United States, and is registered on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building is a 2-story commercial block designed in Queen Anne style, with a granite foundation, walls of rustic red brick, a brick cornice on some walls, a pressed metal cornice on other walls. Some corners sport brick oriels - one topped with an onion dome. The floor plan is triangular, filling a block of the same shape. Inside, a fine dark oak staircase leads to the second story. On that level the halls have wooden wainscoting and wood paneling over plaster walls. Older rooms have plaster walls and pressed metal ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Before this building was constructed, the triangular block hosted a combination of smaller wood and brick buildings. Around 1890 some of them were razed to make way for the back end of the current building. Gradually more old buildings were cleared and the building was completed in 1902. The oldest part of the block housed a dry goods store and saloon, with offices above. Over the years, a telephone exchange was added, attorneys offices, a dress shop and a news agency. The saloon became a soda fountain during Prohibition. Part of the block housed a cafe and restaurant from 1937 into the 70s.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination declares this block "the finest Queen Anne building in Marinette&#39;s downtown."</p><br>
<p>The Don Francisco Galindo House, known locally as the Galindo House and Gardens, is a 19th-century house in Concord, California built in 1856 by Francisco Galindo and his wife, Maria Dolores Manuela  Galindo, daughter of Salvio Pacheco who was the grantee of Rancho Monte del Diablo.</p><br>
<p>The house is one of the few remaining Victorian ranch houses in Contra Costa County. In 1875 it underwent significant remodeling resulting in an enlarged basement, first floor and second floor. It was around this time that Francisco and Marias oldest son, Juan "John" Galindo, and his bride, Marina "Sarah" (Amador) Galindo, moved into the house. After Juan and Marinas eldest child, Frederick, and Catherine (Hittman) Galindo were married in 1911, title was transferred to the next generation.</p><br>
<p>Following Catherine Galindos death in 1966, the house was maintained by her children Harold, Ruth, and Leonora. Ruth Galindo, the last direct descendant of the family, resided in the home until her death in December 1999. With distribution of Ruth Galindos estate, the house and its surrounding property of approximately 1.5 acre were deeded to the City of Concord to be preserved for public use as a house museum and park.</p><br>
<p>In October 2001, following a series of public workshops and meetings, the City of Concord adopted a Master Plan for the Galindo House, prepared by the historic preservation architectural firm Page & Turnbull of San Francisco, including a Museum Operating Plan.</p><br>
<p>In September 2010, ownership of the Galindo House and property transferred from the City of Concord to the Concord Historical Society, which spent the next two years renovating the house and opened it to the public in 2012.</p><br>
<p>In May 2013, the Society moved citys Masonic Temple (which had been dedicated in October 1928) from its location at 1765 Galindo St. to the Galindo House property, facing Clayton Road, to become part of the Societys historical resource center and meeting facility.</p><br>
